پیشوند و پسوند در زبان انگلیسی

In the chart below, some of the most common prefixes are listed alphabetically. The meaning of each prefix is given as an area of meaning because most often there is no one single specific meaning you.

Suffix

Area of meaning

Examples

-able

capable of being

eat, eatable accept, acceptable

-ance, -ence

-state, condition, or quality

guide, guidance exist, existence

-ation, -tion

condition, or the act of

migrate, migration

-dom

state, condition, dignity, office

free, freedom king, kingdom

-ee

the object or receiver of action

employ, employee pay, payee

-en

Pertaining to, of the nature of

gold, golden sad, sadden

-er

the one who

teach, teacher play, player

-ful

full of or characterized by

color, colorful power, powerful

-ic, -ical

Pertaining to

poet, poetic economic, economical

-ious, -ous

full of, of the nature of

poison, poisonous glory, glorious

-ize,

To make like or affect with

critic, criticize dramatic, dramatize

-ish

to form adjectives from nouns; belonging to, like

Turk, Turkish fool, foolish

-ism, -ist

action or practice, state or condition

social, socialism social, socialist

-less

without, loose from

use, useless care, careless

-ly

like

exact, exactly friend, friendly

-ness

state, condition, quality

happy, happiness blind, blindness

-ship

Condition, skill, character, office

friend, friendship relate, relationship

Making verbs into nouns. Here are some common suffixes that change verbs into nouns.

Suffix

Examples

-al

to arrive, the arrival to refuse, the refusal

-ure

to press, pressure to fail, the failure

-y

to arm, the army to discover, the discovery

-ment

to agree, the agreement to argue, the argument

-ance, -ence

to guide, the guidance to exist, the existence

-ation

to migrate, the migration to inform, the information

-sion

to confuse, the confusion to decide, the decision

-er, -or

to teach, the teacher to direct, the director

Making adjectives into nouns. Here are some common suffixes that change adjectives into nouns.

Suffix

Examples

-ness

happy, the happiness kind, the kindness

-ity

active, the activity real, the reality

-ism

ideal, the idealism human, the humanism

Making nouns into adjectives. Here are some common suffixes that change nouns into adjectives.

Suffix

Examples

-ish

the fool, foolish the child, childish

-y

the cloud, cloudy the fun, funny

-ly

the friend, friendly the man, manly

-al

the person, personal the universe, universal

-ous

the danger, dangerous the fame, famous

-ary

the revolution, revolutionary the moment, momentary

-like

the war, warlike the life, lifelike

-ic

the artist, artistic the photograph, photographic

-less

the use, useless the power, powerless

-ful

the power, powerful the color, colorful

Making verbs into adjectives. Here are some common suffixes that change verbs into adjectives.

Suffix

Examples

-ive

to create, creative to attract, attractive

-ent, -ant

to confide, confident to please, pleasant

-able,

to agree, agreeable to pay, payable

Making adjectives into adverbs. Here is the most common suffix that changes adjectives into adverbs.

Suffix

Examples

-ly

slow, slowly real, really

Making nouns and adjectives into verbs. Here is a common way of changing nouns and adjectives into verbs.

Suffix

Examples

-ize

real, to realize organ, organize